Question 1

What is one's complement?

Accepted Answer

Invert all bits: 0→1, 1→0. For signed integers, represents negative numbers. Has two zeros (+0, -0).

Question 2

Where is one's complement used?

Accepted Answer

Older computers, network checksums (IP/TCP), and some digital signal processing.

Question 3

Why do computers use binary?

Accepted Answer

Electronic circuits have two states: on/off, high/low voltage. Binary (0 and 1) maps directly to these states, making digital logic simpler and more reliable.

Question 4

Why is hexadecimal used in programming?

Accepted Answer

Hex is compact: each digit represents 4 binary bits. A byte (8 bits) is exactly 2 hex digits (00-FF), making memory addresses and color codes readable.

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